クラス
If you are using a child-class. Remember to call the constructor of the parent class aswell before you start using it. Otherwise you might get different results then you expected. It is stated in this document, but I got confused by the given example. So, here is my example:
<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);
class test {
var $var;
function test() {
$this->var = 3;
}
}
class testing extends test {
function testing() {
parent::test();
}
function My_test() {
return $this->var;
}
}
$p = new testing();
echo $p->My_test();
// Returns 3
extends
他の既存のクラスに似た変数や関数を有するクラスが必要になることがよ くあります。実際、全てのプロジェクトで使用可能な一般的なクラスを定 義し、このクラスを特定のプロジェクトの各々の要求に合わせて調整する というのは、良いやり方です。これを簡単に行うにために、他のクラスを 拡張してクラス作成することが可能です。拡張あるいは派生クラスは、基 底クラスの全ての変数と関数を有します。(これは、実際には誰も亡くなっ ていませんが、'継承'と呼ばれます) この派生クラスには、派生クラスの 定義で追加したものも含まれます。クラスから定義を取り除く、つまり、 既存の関数や変数を未定義とすることはできません。派生クラスは、常に 単一の基底クラスに依存します。つまり、多重継承は、サポートされてい ません。クラスは、キーワード 'extends' を用いて拡張されます。
<?php
class Named_Cart extends Cart
{
var $owner;
function set_owner ($name)
{
$this->owner = $name;
}
}
?>
この例は、Cart の全ての変数及び関数に加えて変数$ownerと 関数 set_owner() を保持するクラス Named_Cart を定義しています。 この定義により、名前付きのカゴを通常の手段で作成し、カゴの保有者を 設定したり得たりすることができます。 名前付きのカゴで元のカゴクラスの関数を使うことも可能です。
$ncart = new Named_Cart; // 名前付きの籠を作成
$ncart->set_owner("kris"); // 籠の所有者の名前を設定
print $ncart->owner; // 籠の所有者を出力
$ncart->add_item("10", 1); // (籠から継承された機能)
"親と子"と呼ばれる関係もあります。ある親クラスを作成し、 この親クラスに基づく新しいクラス、つまり、子クラスを extendsにより作成します。 この新しい子クラスを使用することやこの子クラスに基づき他の クラスを作成することが可能です。
注意: クラスは、使用される前に定義されている必要があります! Cartを拡張した クラス Named_Cartを作成したい場合、 まず、Cartを定義する必要があります。 クラスNamed_Cartに基づき Yellow_named_cartという名前の他のクラスを 作成する場合、まずNamed_Cartを定義する 必要があります。要するに、クラスの定義の順序は、重要です。
add a note
User Contributed Notesextends
Edward_nl
03-Mar-2006 07:54
03-Mar-2006 07:54
alan hogan
27-Nov-2005 10:48
27-Nov-2005 10:48
Just a note: It is possible to have a class inherit from multiple other classes, but only in a one-at-a-time linear hierarchy.
So this works, and C gets A and B functions:
<?php
class A {
public function af() { print 'a';}
public function bark() {print ' arf!';}
}
class B extends A {
public function bf() { print 'b';}
}
class C extends B {
public function cf() { print 'c';}
public function bark() {print ' ahem...'; parent::bark();}
}
$c = new C;
$c->af(); $c->bf(); $c->cf();
print "<br />";
$c->bark();
/**results:**/
//abc
//ahem... arf!
?>
This does NOT work:
<?php
class A {
public function af() { print 'a';}
public function bark() {print ' arf!';}
}
class B {
public function bf() { print 'b';}
}
class C extends B, A /*illegal*/ {
public function cf() { print 'c';}
public function bark() {print ' ahem...'; parent::bark();}
}
$c = new C;
$c->af(); $c->bf(); $c->cf();
print "<br />";
$c->bark();
//Parse Error
?>
Bash I.
19-Nov-2005 02:43
19-Nov-2005 02:43
Here is a simple idea that I use when I need my abstract classes (the inherited classes) implemented before my functional classes.
<?php
$_CLASSES = array_merge (
glob ("classes/*/*.abstract.php"),
glob ("classes/*/*.class.php")
);
foreach ($_CLASSES AS $_CLASS) {
require ($_CLASS);
}
?>
volte6 at nowhere dot com
01-Apr-2005 03:11
01-Apr-2005 03:11
When declaring a class that relies upon another file ( because it extends the class defined in that file ), you should ALWAYS require_once() that file at the top.
This applies even when planning on looping through and including everything in the folder. Use require_once() in your loop, and at the top of the file that NEEDS the include.
tomnezvigin at comcast dot net
07-Mar-2005 10:19
07-Mar-2005 10:19
This may seem obvious, but check this scenario. You have a class folder:
+ class
--classA.php
--classB.php
--classC.php
--mainClass.php
Here... classA, classB, classC all extend the mainClass.
If you try to create a function that automatically includes all of the classes in a folder, normally, they are included alphabetically.
When you try to instantiate classC, for example, you will get an error:
"Cannot inherit from undefined class mainClass"
EVEN IF you instantiate the mainClass before you instantiate all of the other classes.
In other words, make sure your primary class is included before all others.
Msquared
19-Nov-2004 11:48
19-Nov-2004 11:48
Multiple inheritence is often more trouble than it's worth. For example, you have a class foo that inherits from both class bar and class baz. Classes bar and baz both have a fubar() method. When you create a foo object and call its fubar() method, which fubar() method is called: bar's or baz's?
It seems to me that using aggregate to glue one class's methods and data to another object is a bit like Ruby's fixins, but I could be wrong...
[[Editor's note:
The aggregate_* functions have been dropped, as of PHP 5
-S
]]
efredin at redtempest dot com
03-Mar-2004 10:35
03-Mar-2004 10:35
It is possible to override a method innherited from a parent class by simply re-defining the method (for those of us who enjoy using abstract classes).
<?php
class A
{
var $foo;
function A()
{
$this->foo = "asdf";
}
function bar()
{
echo $this->foo." : Running in A";
}
}
class B extends A
{
function bar()
{
echo $this->foo." : Running in B";
}
}
$myClass = new B;
$myClass->bar();
?>
mazsolt at yahoo dot com
05-Jul-2003 12:49
05-Jul-2003 12:49
Just a simple example about inheritance:
<?php
class a1{
var $a=10;
function a1($a){
$this->a=$a;
}
}
class a2 extends a1{
var $x=11;
function a2($x,$y){
$this->x=$x;
parent::a1($y); // or a1::a1($y) or $this->a1($y)
}
}
class a3 extends a2{
var $q=999;
}
$x=new a3(99,9);
echo $x->a,"<br>",$x->x,"<br> ",$x->q;
?>
The output will be:
9
99
999
calimero at creatixnet dot com
23-Jun-2003 12:58
23-Jun-2003 12:58
Just a quick note to make things more clear : while multiple inheritance is not allowed, several levels of single inheritance ARE ALLOWED indeed. Just test this example :
<?php
class A {
var $name='A';
function disp() {
echo $this->name;
}
}
class B extends A {
var $name='B';
}
class C extends B {
var $name='C';
}
$truc = new C() ;
$truc->disp(); // Will output C
?>
This is especially important to keep in mind while building a huge object hierarchy. for example :
+GenericObject
->+ Person
->->Employee
->+Computer
->->+WorkStation
->->-> PPC
->->-> Intel
->->+Server
->->->LDAPServer
->->->IntranetWebServer
.. and so on. Multiple level hierarchy relationship are possible in a tree-like structure (each child has one and only one parent, except for the root object).
quinton at free dot fr
11-Jun-2003 05:07
11-Jun-2003 05:07
a nice example using extends and multiple classes and constructors.
<?php
class CoreObject {
var $name;
function CoreObject($name){
$this->_constructor($name);
}
function _constructor($name){
$this->name = $name;
}
function show(){
printf("%s::%s\n", $this->get_class(), $this->name);
}
function get_class(){
return get_class($this);
}
}
class Container extends CoreObject{
var $members;
function Container($name){
$this->_constructor($name);
}
function &add(&$ref){
$this->members[] = $ref;
return ($ref);
}
function show(){
parent::show();
foreach($this->members as $item){
$item->show();
}
}
function apply(){
}
}
class Person extends CoreObject{
function Person($name){
$this->_constructor($name);
}
}
class Family extends Container {
var $members;
function Family($name){
$this->_constructor($name);
}
}
echo "<pre>\n";
$family = new Family('my family');
$family->add(new Person('father'));
$family->add(new Person('mother'));
$family->add(new Person('girl'));
$family->add(new Person('boy'));
$family->show();
print_r($family);
?>
"inerte" is my hotmail.com username
28-Sep-2002 05:36
28-Sep-2002 05:36
[Editor's note: For an alternative to multiple inheritance, see the dynamic binding via object aggregation in the corresponding section of the manual.]
Multiple Inheritance is not supported but it is easy to emulate it:
<?php
class multipleInheritance
{
function callClass($class_to_call)
{
return new $class_to_call();
}
}
class A
{
function insideA()
{
echo "I'm inside A!<br />";
}
}
class B
{
function insideB()
{
echo "I'm inside B!<br />";
}
}
class C extends multipleInheritance
{
function insideC()
{
$a = parent::callClass('A');
$a->insideA();
$b = parent::callClass('B');
$b->insideB();
}
}
$c = new C();
$c->insideC();
?>
---
This will succesfully echo:
I'm inside A!
I'm inside B!
schultz at rancon dot de
16-Aug-2002 02:37
16-Aug-2002 02:37
This prints out 'ab'. No need to create a new instance of a, therefor both methods still exists with same name.
<?php
class a {
function samename(){
echo 'a';
}
}
class b extends a{
function samename(){
echo 'b';
}
function b(){
a::samename();
b::samename();
}
}
$test_obj = new b();
?>
griffon9 at hotmail dot com
18-Jul-2002 08:42
18-Jul-2002 08:42
Just to clarify something about inheritance. The following code :
<?php
class a
{
function call()
{
$this->toto();
}
function toto()
{
echo('Toto of A');
}
}
class b extends a
{
function toto()
{
echo('Toto of B');
}
}
$b=new b;
$b->call();
?>
...will correctly display "toto of B" (that is, the function declared in the parent is correctly calling the redefined function in the child)
php_AT_undeen_DOT_com
12-Dec-2001 04:31
12-Dec-2001 04:31
if the class B that extends class A does not have a constuctor function (i.e. a function named B), then the constructor function of A will be used instead, you don't need to make a constructor in B just to call the constructor of A.
For example:
<?php
class A
{
function A()
{
echo "HEY! I'm A!\n";
}
}
class B extends A
{
}
$b = new B();
?>
produces the output:
HEY! I'm A!
bpotier at edreamers dot org
08-Nov-2001 05:08
08-Nov-2001 05:08
Just one thing that may seem obvious but not mentionned in this page is that you need to include/require the file containing the parent class or else you'll get an error:
<?php
require(dirname(__FILE__).'/'.'myParent.php');
// ...
myChild extends myParent {
// ...
}
// ...
?>