Last updated: Fri, 14 Aug 2009

Les opérateurs

Sommaire

Un opérateur est quelque chose que vous alimentez avec une ou plusieurs valeurs (ou expression, dans le jargon de programmation) qui retourne une autre valeur (donc que la construction elle-même devient une expression). Donc, vous pouvez penser aux fonctions ou constructions qui retournent une valeur (comme print()) comme opérateur et celles qui retournent rien du tout (comme echo()).

Il y a trois types d'opérateurs. Le premier, l'opérateur unaire, qui opère sur une seule valeur, par exemple ! (l'opérateur de négation) ou ++ (l'opérateur d'incrémentation). Le second groupe, les opérateurs binaires ; ce groupe contient la plupart des opérateurs supportés par PHP qui sont listés ci-dessous dans la section "La précédence des opérateurs".

Le troisième groupe est le groupe des opérateurs de terminaison : ?:. Ils doivent être utilisés pour choisir entre deux expressions dépendantes d'une troisième, plutôt que sélectionner deux phrases ou chemins d'exécution. Les expressions ternaires environnantes avec des parenthèses sont une très bonne idée.

La précédence des opérateurs

Les expressions

Last updated: Fri, 14 Aug 2009

add a note User Contributed Notes
Les opérateurs

pgarvin76+php dot net at NOSPAMgmail dot com
30-Dec-2008 09:43


Method chaining is read left to right (left associative):

<?php



class Test_Method_Chain

{

    public function One()

    {

        echo "One" . PHP_EOL;

        return $this;

    }



    public function Two()

    {

        echo "Two" . PHP_EOL;

        return $this;

    }



    public function Three()

    {

        echo "Three" . PHP_EOL;

        return $this;

    }

}



$test = new Test_Method_Chain();



$test->One()->Two()->Three();



/* Ouputs:

One

Two

Three

*/

?>

ddascalescu at gmail dot com
24-Oct-2008 10:53


The -> operator, not listed above, is called "object operator" (T_OBJECT_OPERATOR).

figroc at gmail dot com
02-Aug-2008 07:30


The variable symbol '$' should be considered as the highest-precedence operator, so that the variable variables such as $$a[0] won't confuse the parser.  [http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.variable.php]

phpnet dot 20 dot dpnsubs at xoxy dot net
02-Nov-2007 07:13


Note that in php the ternary operator ?: has a left associativity unlike in C and C++ where it has right associativity.





You cannot write code like this (as you may have accustomed to in C/C++):


<?php


$a = 2;


echo (


    $a == 1 ? 'one' : 


    $a == 2 ? 'two' : 


    $a == 3 ? 'three' : 


    $a == 4 ? 'four' : 'other');


echo "\n";


// prints 'four'


?>





You need to add brackets to get the results you want:


<?


$a = 2;





echo ($a == 1 ? 'one' : 


        ($a == 2 ? 'two' : 


        ($a == 3 ? 'three' : 


        ($a == 4 ? 'four' : 'other') ) ) );


echo "\n";


//prints 'two'





?>

Gautam
10-Oct-2007 07:22


<?php



$result1 = 7 + 8 * 9/3 -4;

$result2 = 7 + 8 * (9/3 -4);

$result3 =(7 + 8)* 9/3 -4;



echo "Result1 for 7 + 8 * 9/3 -4 = $result1  Result2 for 7 + 8 * (9/3 -4) = $result2 and Result3 (7 + 8)* 9/3 -4 = $result3 "

/*

 which gives results as under

 Result1 for 7 + 8 * 9/3 -4 = 27 Result2 for 7 + 8 * (9/3 -4) = -1 and Result3 (7 + 8)* 9/3 -4 = 41

 Execution Order is 1) expression in brackets 2) division 3) multiplication 4) addition and 5) subtraction 

*/

?>

janturon at email dot cz
08-Oct-2007 10:42


This is very common problem: set one variable to another, if it is not empty. If it is, set it to something else.

For example: set $bar to $foo, if $foo is empty, set $bar to "undefined";



if(!empty($foo)) $bar= $foo; else $bar= "undefined";



OR operator can shorten it:



$bar= @$foo or $bar= "undefined";

me at robrosenbaum dot com
13-Jul-2007 04:16


The scope resolution operator ::, which is missing from the list above, has higher precedence than [], and lower precedence than 'new'. This means that self::$array[$var] works as expected.

madcoder at gmail dot com
10-Jun-2007 07:17


In response to mathiasrav at gmail dot com:



The reason for that behavior is the parentheses.  From the description:



"Parentheses may be used to force precedence, if necessary. For instance: (1 + 5) * 3 evaluates to 18."



So the order of operations says that even though the equality operator has higher precedence, the parentheses in your statement force the assignment operator to a higher precedence than the equality operator.



That said, it still doesn't work the way you expect it to.  Neither way works, for these reasons:

<?php

if ( $a != ($a = $b) )

?>



Order of operations says to do the parentheses first.  So you end up with:

<?php

$a = $b;

if ( $a != $a )

?>



Which is obviously going to be false.  Without the parentheses:

<?php

if ( $a != $a = $b )

?>



Order of operations says to do the inequality first, then the assignment, so you have:

<?php

if ( $a != $a );

$a = $b;

?>



Which again is not what you expected, and again will always be false.  But because you are only working with values of 0 and 1, you can make use of the XOR operator:



<?php

if ( $a ^= $b )

?>



This will only be true if 1) $a is 0 and $b is 1, or 2) $a is 1 and $b is 0.  That is precisely what you wanted, and it even does the assignment the way you expected it to.



<?php

foreach ($ourstring as $c) {

  if ($bold ^= $c['bold']) $resstring .= bold;

  if ($underline ^= $c['underline']) $resstring .= underline;

  $resstring .= $c[0];

}

?>



That code now works and produces the output you expected.

golotyuk at gmail dot com
10-Jul-2006 01:51


Simple POST and PRE incremnt sample:



<?php



$b = 5;

$a = ( ( ++$b ) > 5 ); // Pre-increment test

echo (int)$a;



$b = 5;

$a = ( ( $b++ ) > 5 ); // Post-increment test

echo (int)$a;



?>



This will output 10, because of the difference in post- and pre-increment operations

rick at nomorespam dot fourfront dot ltd dot uk
02-Sep-2005 07:51


A quick note to any C developers out there, assignment expressions are not interpreted as you may expect - take the following code ;-



<?php

$a=array(1,2,3);

$b=array(4,5,6);

$c=1;



$a[$c++]=$b[$c++];



print_r( $a ) ;

?>



This will output;-

Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 6 [2] => 3 )

as if the code said;-

$a[1]=$b[2];



Under a C compiler the result is;-

Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 5 [2] => 3 )

as if the code said;-

$a[1]=$b[1];



It would appear that in php the increment in the left side of the assignment is processed prior to processing the right side of the assignment, whereas in C, neither increment occurs until after the assignment.

10-Jun-2004 09:58


of course this should be clear, but i think it has to be mentioned espacially:



AND is not the same like &&



for example:



<?php $a && $b || $c; ?>

is not the same like

<?php $a AND $b || $c; ?>



the first thing is

(a and b) or c



the second

a and (b or c)



'cause || has got a higher priority than and, but less than &&



of course, using always [ && and || ] or [ AND and OR ] would be okay, but than you should at least respect the following:



<?php $a = $b && $c; ?>

<?php $a = $b AND $c; ?>



the first code will set $a to the result of the comparison $b with $c, both have to be true, while the second code line will set $a like $b and THAN - after that - compare the success of this with the value of $c



maybe usefull for some tricky coding and helpfull to prevent bugs :D



greetz, Warhog

yasuo_ohgaki at hotmail dot com
26-Mar-2001 04:53


Other Language books' operator precedence section usually include "(" and ")" - with exception of a Perl book that I have. (In PHP "{" and "}" should also be considered also). However, PHP Manual is not listed "(" and ")" in precedence list. It looks like "(" and ")" has higher precedence as it should be.





Note: If you write following code, you would need "()" to get expected value.





<?php


$bar = true;


$str = "TEST". ($bar ? 'true' : 'false') ."TEST";


?>





Without "(" and ")" you will get only "true" in $str. 


(PHP4.0.4pl1/Apache DSO/Linux, PHP4.0.5RC1/Apache DSO/W2K Server)


It's due to precedence, probably.

add a note

La précédence des opérateurs

Les expressions

Last updated: Fri, 14 Aug 2009